There's significant overhead

There's significant overhead to allocating initializing the raw data input, output, and filter objects, which is what is consuming almost all of your 300 ms here. You don't want to recreate these each time you filter something. Instead, create them once and just update the data as needed by using -updateDataFromBytes:size: on the raw data input.

You'll see much, much faster processing times once you're just sending in and extracting the raw data without recreating the whole filter chain each time.

Sunset Lake Software - Comments for "Performance profiling"

There's significant overhead